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Causal inference,mechanisms,and the Semmelweis case
methodology causal inference numerical tables mechanisms animal experiments
2016/6/15
Semmelweis's discovery of the cause of puerperal fever around the middle of the 19th century counts among the paradigm cases of scientific discovery. For several decades, philosophers of science have ...
Models,Mechanisms,and Coherence
Mechanistic explanations scientific realism modeling coherence
2016/6/12
Life-science phenomena are often explained by specifying the mechanisms that bring them about. The new mechanistic philosophers have done much to substantiate this claim, and to provide us with a bett...
From Desire to Subjective Value:On the Neural Mechanisms of Moral Motivation
Neuroeconomics Neuroscience of Decision Folk Psychology Moral Motivation
2016/5/30
Increasingly, empirically minded moral philosophers are using data from cognitive science and neuroscience to resolve some longstanding philosophical questions about moral motivation, such as whether ...
Minds,models and mechanisms:a new perspective on intentional psychology
intentional psychology mechanistic model phenomenological model prediction explanation
2016/5/30
In this article, I argue that intentional psychology (i.e. the interpretation of human behaviour in terms of intentional states and propositional attitudes) plays an essential role in the sciences of ...
Broken Mechanisms:Function,Pathology,and Natural Selection
Mechanism Function Pathology Natural Selection
2016/5/30
The following describes one distinct sense of ‘mechanism’ which is prevalent in biology and biomedicine and which has important epistemic benefits. According to this sense, mechanisms are defined by t...
Historical scientists are frequently concerned with narrative explanations targeting single cases. I show that two distinct explanatory strategies are employed in narratives, simple and complex. A sim...
Understanding Biological Mechanisms:Using Illustrations from Circadian Rhythm Research
mechanistic explanation diagrams decomposition recomposition computational modeling circadian rhythms
2016/5/27
In many fields of biology, researchers explain a phenomenon by characterizing the responsible mechanism. This requires identifying the candidate mechanism, decomposing it into its parts and operations...
Thinking Dynamically About Biological Mechanisms:Networks of Coupled Oscillators
dynamics dynamic mechanistic explanation decomposition recomposition computational modeling circadian rhythms
2016/5/27
Explaining the complex dynamics exhibited in many biological mechanisms requires extending the recent philosophical treatment of mechanisms that emphasizes sequences of operations. To understand how n...
Mechanisms:what are they evidence for in evidence-based medicine?
mechanisms explanation medicine evidence-based medicine
2016/5/27
Even though the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement labels mechanisms a low quality form of evidence, consideration of the mechanisms on which medicine relies, and the distinct roles that mechanism...
Phillip Wolff opened the conference by motivating the need for and then outlining his framework for the representation of causation. It follows common linguistic usage of causal verbs, which are sort...
This paper offers an account of what it is for a physical system to be a computing mechanism—a mechanism that performs computations. A computing mechanism is any mechanism whose functional analysis as...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
mechanisms natural selection evolution
2008/4/21
This paper explores whether natural selection, a putative evolutionary mechanism, and a main one at that, can be characterized on either of the two dominant conceptions of mechanism, due to Glennan an...
Mechanisms, Causes and the Layered Model of the World
Causation Properties Levels of Organization
2008/4/15
Most philosophical accounts of causation take causal relations to obtain between individuals and events in virtue of nomological relations between properties of these individuals and events. Such view...
To explain phenomenon R by showing how mechanism M yields output R each time it is triggered by circumstances C, is to give a causal explanation of R. This paper analyses what mechanistic analysis can...
Concretization, Explanation, and Mechanisms
abstraction idealization concretization explanation understanding
2008/4/10
Traditional accounts of explanation fail to illuminate the explanatory relevance of “models that are descriptively false” in the sense that the regularities they entail fail to obtain. In this paper, ...