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EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION AND SNOWMELT MEASUREMENTS IN FINLAND
EVAPORATION-CONDENSATION SNOWMELT MEASUREMENTS FINLAND
2009/10/29
Measurcmcnts on evaporation and the melting of snow cover are presented,
followed by .an explanation of how the measured values depend on
mctcorological factors and thc structure of the snow. The ob...
Upper Layer Observations and Simulation Using Kraus and Turner's Model in the Gulf of Finland
Upper Layer Observations Simulation Kraus and Turner's Model Gulf of Finland
2009/10/29
There are strong seasonal variations in the depth of the thermocline and in the
sea surface temperature in the western part of the Gulf of Finland. A
numerical model, developed by Kraus and Turner, ...
Deterioration in the Water Quality of Groundwater in Some Municipal Water Extraction Plants in Finland
Water Quality Groundwater Municipal Water Extraction Plants Finland
2009/10/28
In this study the changes in the quality of groundwater are described on the
basis of material collected at some groundwater extraction plants situated
mainly in urban areas. The causes of the marke...
On the Values and Variability of Degree-Day Melting Factor in Finland
Values Variability Degree-Day Melting Factor Finland
2009/10/28
About 96,000 snow depth and 17,000 snow density measurements were used
to study the most widely used variable in snowmelt forecasting, the degreeday
factor. This data was collected on 12 stake stati...
Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition:Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland
Acid Deposition Long-Term Water Quality Responses Forested Catchments
2009/10/27
A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in
surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with
high concentrations of base cations and sul...
Modelling the Effects of Acid Sulphate Soils on River Acidity in Finland
Effects of Acid Sulphate Soils River Acidity
2009/10/26
Acid sulphate (AS) soils cover extensive areas of the coastal plains in western
Finland. These soils constitute an environmental hazard due to their ability to
relcase acidity when exposed to atmosp...
Modeling Surface Runoff-A Case Study of a Cultivated Field in Southern Finland
Surface Runoff Cultivated Field Southern Finland
2009/10/26
The objective of this study was to compare approaches to modeling surface runoff
due to summer and autumn storms on a cultivated field. The data consisted
of measurements performed every 15 minutes ...
Optical Measurements of Sea Ice in the Gulf of Finland
Optical Measurements Sea Ice Gulf of Finland
2009/10/22
During the spring of 1998, measurements of total albedos, spectral albedos and
ice transparency were made on coastal fast ice in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea,
to produce values for models, to com...
Trends and Characteristics of Hydrological Time Series in Finland
Trends Characteristics Hydrological Time Series Finland
2009/10/22
Hydrological time series analyses made in Finland up to 2001 show the following:
1) Precipitation has been increasing in southern and central Finland, and
also in the north in winter, during the per...
The present approach for daily temperature interpolation of the Watershed Simulation
and Forecasting System of the Finnish Environment Institute is based on
the inverse distance weighted interpolati...
On Seiches in some Lakes in Finland.
On Water Temperatures of Lakes in Finland.
Modelling the response of soil and runoff chemistry to forest harvesting in a low deposition area (Kangasvaara, eastern Finland)
soil runoff chemistry low deposition area maximum feasible reduction
2009/6/5
A simple dynamic soil model developed to analyse the effects of atmospheric deposition and nutrient cycling on terrestrial ecosystems, SMART 2, was applied to the Kangasvaara catchment in eastern Finl...
Modelling the impacts of European emission and climate change scenarios on acid-sensitive catchments in Finland
climate change acid-sensitive catchments Finland
2009/4/29
The dynamic hydro-chemical Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) was used to predict the response of 163 Finnish lake catchments to future acidic deposition and climatic change s...
A quasi-three-dimensional model for predicting rainfall-runoff processes in a forested catchment in Southern Finland
rainfall-runoff forested catchment
2009/3/24
Runoff generation in a forested catchment (0.18 km2) was simulated using a quasi-three-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. The model was formulated over a finite grid where water movement was assumed t...