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Origin of Earth’s oceans: An assessment of the total amount, history and supply of water
origin of water age of oceans water in Earth planet formation snow line
2017/4/10
The presence of water on Earth has played important roles in shaping the solid regions of the planet as well as in the
origin and evolution of life. This paper addresses three fundamental aspects of ...
Seasonal and Mesoscale Variability of the Kuroshio Near Its Origin
Seasonal and Mesoscale Variability Kuroshio Near
2015/7/13
The Kuroshio is the most important current in the North Pacific. Here, we present historical data and recent observations of the Kuroshio off the coasts of Taiwan and the Philippine Archipelago, with ...
The origin of methylmercury in open Mediterranean waters
The origin of methylmercury open Mediterranean waters
2014/4/18
We present high-resolution vertical profiles of methylated mercury (MeHgT = monomethylmercury + dimethylmercury) concentrations in the water column of the open and marginal areas of the Mediterranean ...
The Origin of the Pacific Equatorial 13°C Water
Pacific Equatorial 13°C Water temperature salinity oxygen nutrient salts
2009/2/9
Examination of the vertical distributions of temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrient salts in the thermostad of the Equatorial 13°C Water in the eastern Pacific Ocean indicates that local vertical...
On the Origin of Eddies Discovered during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment
Local Dynamics Experiment Sargasso Sea water hydrographic survey
2009/1/10
The intensive hydrographic survey conducted in 1978 as part of the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment (LDE) revealed a large number of anomalous water parcels at various depths near 31°N, 70°W in the ...
Detection, Structure, and Origin of Extreme Anomalies in a Western Atlantic Oceanographic Section
Extreme Anomalie Ten anomalous water parcels Western Atlantic Oceanographic Section
2009/1/10
Ten anomalous water parcels were detected in the water column of a western Atlantic oceanographic section (0–5550 m; 70°W; 23–33°N). The parcels had extreme properties lying either two standard deviat...
The Structure, Dynamics, and Origin of a Small-Scale Lens of Water in the Western North Atlantic Thermocline
Local Dynamics Experiment Western North Atlantic Thermocline Small-Scale Lens
2009/1/10
A small-scale, isolated, anticyclonically rotating lens of water was observed in the western North Atlantic thermocline during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment. Using a combination of SOFAR floa...
Structure and Origin of a Small Cyclonic Eddy Observed during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment
Small Cyclonic Eddy Local Dynamics Experiment Sargasso Sea
2009/1/10
In the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment (31°N; 69.5°W) a small cyclonic eddy was discovered and mapped. The eddy was characterized by an upward doming of isotherms in the upper part of the main ther...
Structure and Origin of 18°C Water Observed during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment
Local Dynamics Experiment 18°C Water
2009/1/10
Two distinct types of 18°C water (Subtropical Mode Water) were observed during the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment (LDE; May–July 1978; 31.0°N, 69.5°W). These were revealed on isopyncals by salinit...
Origin of the Coastally Trapped Waves Observed during the Australian Coastal Experiment
coastally trapped waves Australian Coastal Experiment
2009/1/8
Freely propagatiug coastally trapped waves (CTWs) dominated the large alongshore-scale low-frequency variability in the Australian Coastal Experiment (ACE). Two analytical models are used to demonstra...
The Origin of Low-Frequency Oscillations in the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight
Low-Frequency Oscillations Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight
2008/12/16
Distinct offshore and upward phase propagation at periods of 12 and 24 days was previously observed in the horizontal flow field on the outer shelf in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight during the Shelf ...
The Origin of an Anomalous Ring in the Southeast Atlantic
Origin Anomalous Ring Southeast Atlantic
2008/7/17
A warm core ring in the southeast Atlantic, previously thought to have come from the Brazil–Falklands (Malvinas) confluence, is traced back to the Agulhas retroflection. The path of this ring, sampled...
An Alternative Hypothesis for the Origin of the “Mediterranean” Salt Lens Observed off the Bahamas in the Fall of 1976
An Alternative Hypothesis Salt Lens Bahamas Fall
2008/7/17
A hypothesis is presented that the original salt lens, or “meddy,” observed off the Bahamas in the fall of 1976 may have been formed, not near the Mediterranean outflow, but instead in the vicinity of...
Hypotheses concerning the origin of thermohaline staircases in salt fingering regions are reviewed and assessed. One such hypothesis, that staircases arise from thermohaline intrusions, is developed i...
The outflow from the Indonesian seas empties approximately 5–7 Sv of surface warm (and low salinity) Indonesian Throughflow water into the southern Indian Ocean (at roughly 12°S). Using a nonlinear 1&...